A Daily History of Holes, Dots, Lines, Science, History, Math, Physics, Art, the Unintentional Absurd, Architecture, Maps, Data Visualization, Blank and Missing Things, and so on. |1.6 million words, 7500 images, 4.9 million hits| Press & appearances in The Times, Le Figaro, Mensa, The Economist, The Guardian, Discovery News, Slate, Le Monde, Sci American Blogs, Le Pont, and many other places… 5000+ total posts since 2008.

  • A Quiet Image of Unusual Provocation (1942)

    JF Ptak Science Books  Quick Post   (Poster Series)

    Poster--Men you like to meet b+w detail363

    This is a detail from the cover to this oddly safe but slightly sotto voce absurdly-provocative Men You Like to Meet, a little pamphlet of happy tales published by the American Trucking Associations, published in 1942.  There are a few stories of known and unknown truck driving heroes, saving people, helping stranded motorists, so on–some quiet, some gallant, some ambitious, and all humble.  Just the sort of modern Cowboy you’d like to have on the highways. The full image is below (a poster of which is available from our Poster store, here):  

    Poster--Men you like to meet b+w362

  • Alan Turing and How the Chicken Gets Inside the Egg

    JF Ptak Science Books   Quick Post 

    Turing as a childThe most influential book in the young life of Alan Turing is said to be What Every Child Should Know Library–it is a six volume work1, and it seems as though the volume of interest was Natural Wonders Edwin Tenney Brewster2 printed in 1912 (and 1927, 1928, and 1939). David Newton3 believes that Turing’s fascination with the book was in part due to a statement by Brewster discussing the machine aspects of the human body. Andrew Hodges in his own biography of Turing (Alan Turing, the Enigma) wrote elegantly that the joy in the book was Turing finding that “such a knowledge of ‘science’ could exist”, which is a great and arching statement and also as broad as it was concise, and poetic.  

    [Turing image via ComputerWorldUK.]

    I’m going to side with poetry on this one.  And I do so because of the extraordinary structure of the book and its lovely chapter headings, the table of contents as elegant as a poem itself. They are an invitation to wonder, these thoughtfully prodding and engaging statements, and I can easily see how a creative child could react very positively to them.  

    Turing reading

     

    [Full text available via UC Davis, here.]

  • Social-Techno Anthropomorphy

    JF Ptak Science Books  Post update

    Robida

    My friend Jeff Donlan sent along a suggestion for reading Michael Graziano’s Consciousness and the Social Brain—I don’t know anything about the book, but the title has done its job in provoking the imagination.  What the title asks me (apart from whatever the book might be about) is this: how long have people thought about some aspect of a “social brain” and what has that looked like over the decades (or centuries)?  “Social” and “brain”, like society, or Earth, or some definition or classification of people, have made for themselves something much larger than the ordinary collective.  It is a very useful tool, this simple metaphor–in it are a wellspring of ideas.

    I’m also interested in what anyone might know about the early use of metaphors (and analogies) relating large-scale societal techno advances and biological functions?  I have no doubt that they go back to modern-ancient times (say to William Gilbert (1544-1603)  and his vis electrica) and that some old mechanical/anthropomorphic examples are still in everyday use (“horsepower”)—but I’m stopped today by seeing this paper by J. Norman Lockyer called “Social Electrical Nerves” (in two issues of  Nature for 14 and 28 February 1878).  In this paper the great astronomer (and the editor of the journal) looks at elements of the “grid” as it was and seeing how the new networks of police and fire communications via telegraph  interacts with the existing electrical systems.  It seems to me an early use of  nervous system/electrical analogy, in spite of the fact the first “electrical highways” (as Lockyer puts it 120 years before our own “information superhighway”) appeared in England 32 years earlier though apparently without these biological metaphors. 

    Robidatelephone_lines
    The work pictured above is the electrically-draped world of the future, at least according to the vision of the wonderful Albert Robida, who was actually at work on these visions just at the time of the publication of the Lockyear paper . (Robida produced at least a trio of interesting and lovely and occasionally prescient works:  Le Vingtième Siècle (1883);  La Guerre au vingtième siècle (1887); and Le Vingtième siècle– La vie électrique (1890)).   Many of Robida’s visions of electrical connectivity seem to me to move beyond the nervous system metaphor and become a kind of societal “skin”—which is not terribly far from the truth, especially when looking at images of congested metropolitan centers ca. 1910, when utility poles fairly well sagged under 20 (!) horizontal crossbars carrying a dozen lines apiece.   At the very least, you knew that something or other was happening (fast forward to the massive ductworks of Terry Gilliam’s masterpiece, Brazil.) 

    Social electric616

    And now that the wireless age is starting to get ridges in its fingernails (the “wireless” age being at least 115 years old, beautifully borne by Heinrich Hertz and Marconi), where are our bio-electrical  metaphors going?

    Philosopher of science Rom Harre is one among very many who have written on the use of metaphor in science–he finds the practice an “indispensible element…to scientific creativity and imagination”.1 And he is certainly correct–the recognition of the Lockyer metaphor is instantaneous today, and must’ve been quite a shocking thing to see in 1878.  

    I know that this is just a nibble around the edge of a vast amount of thinking on this subject, and perhaps I don’t want ot do this so “out loud” in the public forum, but I am interested in a dialog on this, if anyone is interested in participating.

    Notes: 

    1. Harre’s reasoning is nicely summed up here in “The Function of Scientific Metaphors: An Example of the Creative Power of Metaphors in Biological Theories”,  by Xavier de Donato 
    Rodríguez and Alfonso Arroyo-Santos:
     
    “(1) New scientific theories try to provide a better understanding of reality.(2) In order to do that, these theories must be intelligible.(3) That intelligibility must ultimately derive from the intelligibility of the novel entities and forms conceived in the creative scientific imagination.(4) The novel entities and forms introduced by the theory become intelligible only if we interpret them in terms of the old entities and forms already available.(5) But, the only way to do this is by means of metaphors or analogies taking the entities and forms already available as a basis.(6) So, analogies and metaphors are indispensable for scientific theories.”

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  • Books with Titles that Cannot Be Ignored

    JF Ptak Science Books  Quick Post

    “‘Any book that is worth reading once, is worth reading twice”--B. Franklin.

     “Read much, but do not read many books”–Pliny

    SHakenuts360

    In my recent history there are many works whose titles I cannot help to ignore because they are, frankly, impenetrable for me–Nature has partially become that way for me, particularly with the biological sciences. In an extreme show of what I do not know, there is an entire legion of them that are published every day whose titles are so distant from my knowledge base that they might as well be invisible.  There many others titles that almost call out for unknown infamy, like John Jeb, of Calhoun County and My Search for Truth by any number of people, and on into the immobile night, widened by an entire new galaxy of the self-published.  Of course, if there were slight changes in those titles, like, say John Jeb, of Calhoun County, Me or My–My!–Search for Truth they become instantly interesting.

    On the other hand there are those books whose titles simply cannot be ignored because they are weirdly inflammatory, or coyly hyperbolic, or halfway unintentionally and trippingly absurdist, and the like.  The Story of a Ripe Banana is one such title for me, and is a fine example for the category of books whose titles are far more interesting than the work they describe.

     

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  • Mud, Abstract Expressionism, and the Brick Color Field

    JF Ptak Science Books   Post 2342

    Mud abstract

     

    Okay, so, this may only be a detail of a cover of a quietly-uncommon and proto-bizarre pamphlet on bricks, but when you look at it in a certain way, it may suggest a bit of found abstract expressionist art. Or even a Cubist-something.  I can see it as a color field–a very, very hard-edged Rothko detail comes to mind.  Perhaps if Pollock arranged entire bricks as his medium rather than dripped paint, he may have come upon an expression such as this. Or not.  

    Poster---MUD 364[This image is available as a 13″x19″ 600 dpi poster, here.]

    The pamphlet comes from my collection of fantastically-titled and creatively naive pamphlets and books.  After considering their reaching, speculative, bizarre, and surreal titles, they fall into a number of sub-categories, including:

    • titles with question marks “?” (like the two wonderful pamphlets simply entitled “What ?” and of course the two that have no titles but question marks);
    • titles with exclamation points “!” (these two marks actually don’t occur very often at all in titles, especially when the title itself already has a built in question/exclamation mark); 
    • titles that include the phrase “the history of…” or “the story of….” so long as that history/story is (very) unusual; 
    • titles that demand something or other of  “America”  (i.e., “Will America be Invaded?” or “America, Mussolini or Moscow” or “Sandbags, Worms and America”);
    • title pages with American flags.

    This excludes a lot of the general naïve-surreal and historical pamphlet collection, but these, I think, would make a great exhibition of book of books, simply because so many of them have an unquestionable “what in the _” reaction capacity to them.

    The found-abstract detail comes from Mud, its Romantic Story, (by Richard G. Collier, for the Common Brick Manufacturer Association of America, Cleveland, Ohio) and is a prime example for the collection:  a terrific title and a beautiful design that offers a lot more than a simple story about bricks (even though it does contain a lively little history of brick making in America–the good content almost takes away from the fantastic title, but so it goes).

     

  • The Language of Tree Structure

    JF Ptak Science Books 

    Messages and information, silently displayed data and the announcements of the state of all things are everywhere, all of the time:  these things only become part of the language and systematically codified once they are recognized and understood, or at least once the thrust of the message becomes distinguished from the surrounding noise. 

    Blog--jun 8 tree
    One elegant interpretation of above-the-noise display was made by E.P. Keen in 1936 (“Relative susceptibility of ponderosa pines to bark beetle attack”, published in the Journal of Forestry)  who established a simple and practicable standardized vocabulary for the discussion and communication of tree health.  It is a relatively straightforward idea–based upon many years of keen observation and understanding–which used a pictorial schematic to establish a common baseline for the discussion of tree health/growth. Later on Keen would pioneer the use of aerial photography using various films and filters to determine the extent of damage done to stands of trees (and forests) brought about by drought, pests, diseases and other harmful stimuli–especially when the damage was done not in the visible spectrum. 

    The Blank & Empty part of tree language comes in the form of cells in the trunk of the tree which reveal–in cross section–the age of the tree and some climatic indicators of during the tree’s growth.  This comes in the form of tree rings–the rings are formed by the growth of the cells, the first of which in a new season respond with expansion, and depending upon water conditions will either grow somewhat less slowly than at first or stop growing altogether at the end of the season, and die; the new cells growing in the new season, and the demarcation being what we call a “ring”.  This was a fantastic idea, the brainchild of A.E. Douglass at the University of Arizona.  
    Blog--june 8--tree cell
    Andrew Ellicott Douglass (1867-1962)  was , ironically, an American astronomer at work at the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff when, in 1911,  he began his experimentation with tree rings.. (I believe that he came to this end trying to ascertain terrestrial climatic conditions in his sunspot research.) The resulting effort was the clarification and near-founding of dendrochronology, with the resulting climatic understanding applicable across many different fields, and all from expanded/contracted cells.  Douglass perfected his observation and theory in a three-volume masterwork Climate Cycles and Tree Growth, which was published in 1936.
    Blog--june 8--tree 2

    For an interesting appraisal, see George E.Webb  Tree Rings and Telescopes, (the University of Arizona Press), Tucson, Arizona, 1983.

     

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  • The CowBot, 1888

    JF Ptak Science Books  Quick Post

    Robot Cow

     

    I’ve been collecting images of 19th century robots and automatons and came across another–a very uncommon cowbot. “The Automaton Dummy : Bovine Usher” was drawn for Wallace Peck, created by William Allen Rogers (1854-1931)  and published in volume 8 of Life (July 8, 1886) and also in Peck’s The Golden Age of Patents (Frederick Stokes, 1888). [Image source: the Library of Congress, here, and for the Peck book, here.)  This is the only robot featured in the book, though there are many other fine illustrations of future techno whatzit bits.  The automaton beef was supposed to lead the other cows aboard a ship for shipment, the philosophy being that if one led the way that the others would follow.) The cowbot is also covered with brands, including a H.A.Rey-like Curious George techno bit in the midsection, the knobs and so forth forming an anthropologic face.  

  • The Lost Einstein Film, 1922

    JF Pak Science Books   Quick Post

    EInstein image

    [Source: http://www.kinematographie.de/EINSTEIN.JPG]

    Here’s a movie that no longer exists and that may not be such a great achievement but would also be something I’d like to see just because it suddenly existed again.  It was a movie called “The Basic Principles of Einstein’s Theory of Relativity” which premiered  at the Frankfurt  Trade Fair on April 2, 1922 and made by Walter Kornblum–it was about Einstein and relativity, and was about the first of its kind; it was a successful film, but with varying reviews, and then managed not to survive them. No copy survives, nothing left of it to speak of save descriptions of the film and the reviews that appeared in newspapers. There is however a terrific piece of research by Milena Wazeck1 that reconstructs the film from a number of different sources–it is really a very impressive piece of work, a wonderful thing to read, watching the lost history unfold.  (Full text here; and see the abstract2 below.)

  • The Ghosts of Melville and Darwin at Tea

    JF Ptak Science Books   Post 2343

    “…a most Plutonian sight. In no world but a fallen one could such lands exist.”–Herman Melville on the Galapagos, in The Encantadas

    “It is utterly useless to say anything about the  Scenery…it would be as profitable to explain to a blind man colours, as to [a] person, who has not been out of Europe, the total 
    dissimilarity of a Tropical view.”–Charles Darwin in a letter not long after returning from his voyage on the Galapagos.–The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, Volume I (of II), edited by His Son, Charles Darwin & Francis Darwin

    It is interesting to think of Charles Darwin and Herman Melville sharing tea prepared over a wood fire, stone chairs, looking out over the rough beach of one of the islands in the Galapagos chain from the top of the  Rock Rodondo.  And what I would have them talk about is their lives, reveiwed as spectres come back to Earth to see the advent of their careers as humans and what the future held in stock for them.

    They certainly had different views of the Galapagos–the Melville quote from his The Encantadas, which is the “Enchanted Isles/Islands” or Galapagos is pretty much what he thought of the place, which was a cruel and wrenching world.  Darwin, well… not so.  (I should also point out that there is a little bit of back-up in the Melville novella regarding ghosts–one of the stories is about the encounter of the War of 1812 USS Essex with a ghost ship.  And here are Dawin and Melville, two ghost ships passing in the night…)

    Here is the quote to start off the tenth of ten parts of the work, “Runaways, Castaways, Solitaries, Gravestones, Etc.”:

    “And all about old stocks and stubs of trees,
    Whereon nor fruit nor leaf was ever seen,
    Did hang upon ragged knotty knees,
    On which had many wretches hanged been.”

    The two men weren’t in the Galapagos at thew same time, though, during their living lives but did come within several years of one another on their respective voyages.  Both men went on great accomplishment, though Melville’s lasted only about five years, his writing and career falling out of the public eye soon after his fifth novel. Darwin was a different story.

    Melville key

    [Photo by JF Ptak of the front door keyhole at Melville’s house, Arrowhead, near Pittsfield, Massachusetts. The foundry work is old, the hardware is not.]

    Darwin became DARWIN  in 1859 and stayed there, and icon of thought. Melville achieved early fame but soon lost it. Melville’s career started out very strong in 1846, and had five successful novels in five years.  What he is remembered most for–Moby Dick–appeared in 1851, but the book was a critical and commercial failure. Pierre appeared in the next year, anf again very little success, and by just about that time his name as a highlight in the American literary world began to dim, considerably.  He lived until 1891 and spent the ’60’s through the ’80’s and into the early ’90’s as an obscure footnote int eh history of American literature.  As a matter of fact some of the short obituaries that appeared in New York papers had very little to say about him, and his great work in Moby Dick received scant (or no) attention.  Even the New York Times didn’t get the spelling correct of the title of the book1, referring to “Mobie” 

    Like the Mona Lisa, Melvillle didn’t become his famous-self until well after his death, and the Mona Lisa did achieve her iconic nature (it can be argued) for nearly two centuries.  Darwin became famous and stayed famous.  In repose, perhaps Darwin would have wished for less recognition and Melville a little more–or at least enough to allow his to earn a living from his writing.  

    Notes

    1. “Herman Melville died yesterday at his residence, 104 East Twenty-sixth Street, this city, of heart failure, aged seventy-two. He was the author of Typee, Omoo, Mobie Dick, and other sea-faring tales, written in earlier years. He leaves a wife and two daughters, Mrs. M. B. Thomas and Miss Melville.”–New York Times, September 29, 1891

    [Source: http://www.melville.org/hmobit.htm]

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  • The Writing Remains

    JF Ptak Science Books   Quick Post

    I was performing a little forensic test on a sheet of book design elements and noticed this little fella in the corner–it is only about 1″x2″ and the motto is a little difficult to read, but segregated and brightened up a little it reads loud and clear.  “Das man schreibt das beleibt”, or “the one who writes, remains” or more simply and carrying things to their logical conclusion, “the writing remains”. (It is similar to the proverb “Wer schreibt, der belibt” which is something along the lines of “Who writes, remains”.)   [Source: Decorative Vorbilder eine Sammlung von Figurlichen Darstellungen… fuer Zeichner, Maler, Graphische Kuenstler, published in Stuttgart, 1897, volume II.)

     

    Elements Owl365 darker

    And then there is this, to, well contradict the writing verdict?  Another very small bit from the same series.  This one says “Erinnerung bleibt/Ewig Jung”, which is something like “Memory Remains Forever Young”, which could alsdo be interpreted as memory/never/aging, which would place it alongside the above, except that it makes its statement regarding memory, which does not explicitly include writing it down. And of course we assume with the top motto that the writer remains with the writing somehow, though really for the most part all they are at the end of it all is a name.  So the two are either very similar or polar opposites–take your pick.  

    Elements Forever young366

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  • Controlling Space and Time–Early Human-Replacement Robotics

    JF Ptak Science Books 

    “When I call a business, I like to talk to a human” – Gordon Matthews (Inventor of “voice mail”, patent # 4371752, “Electronic audio communication system”, “An advanced electronic telecommunication system is provided for the deposit, storage and delivery of audio messages”. See here.)

    I can understand Mr. Matthew’s frustration, even if he was the co-inventor (along with Thomas Tansil and Michael Fannin) of one of he great time manipulators in history. Speaking to a robot is a disconcerting thing. 

    Is the telephone answering machine the greatest non-transportation contributor to expanding human motion and time in the 1850-1950 century?  Certainly photography (from an earlier period, invented in 1839 and more or less popularized by the mid-1840’s) should be considered in this category, what with the visual capture of a moment in time and all; Marey/Muybridge and their primitive photographic motion studies is another; George Carey’s prehistoric selenium/light sensitive “seeing by electricity” invention and the more modern television by Jenkins and Farnsworth are others. And of course there is the invention of the telephone itself by Alex Bell  in 1876 (and a man whose house and lab was only a few blocks removed from where my store used to be on Volta Street in Georgetown DC many years ago) as another paramount example.

    Telephone answering

    But I think the telephone answering machine is certainly one of them, I think, and not a modest example either.  The answering machine (for “him”, of course) allowed a person to be in two places at one time, allowing the telephone to function not only as a communication device but as a secretary, liberator, device as well.  Now (in 1958, when this ad appeared) that people had completely embraced the phone for business and for pleasure, it added immeasurably to the well of free time.  The telephone enabled immediacy; but for that immediacy to work, a person had to be there to tend it.  With the answering machine, however, a person could in a way save that immediacy for a more convenient time, liberating their necessary presence the telephone experience. 

    The telephone allowed as person to instantaneously be in two places at the same time, basically; the answering machine contributed a third (or more) place, and freed up the time element. 

    In effect the thing was/is a time machine, making it possible to either instantly speak with someone 12,000 miles away, or save the conversation for a more convenient time, sort of going back into the past to replay the communication..(Or dump it, extracting the necessary info or whatever without having to actually interact with the caller. ) 

    Its easy to slip and refer to the machine as simply “an answering machine”, leaving out the “telephone part; it would be nice to have a machine that could reliably answer questions like that (though I think that this is what Google imagines itself to be).  The “answering machine” four generations or whatever from now may be something that is today unimaginable.  Maybe there will be a general death of the question, because everything has been answered.

    Maybe the greatest machine in the future will be the questioning machine, something that skirts all of the known answers in whatever earth-sized database exists at the time.  Something that asks for information or for a synthesis of answers that doesn’t (yet) exist. 

    Anyway, I like what I think is the great importance of the telephone answering machine.  And I don’t know how The Rockford Files would’ve functioned without one.  Actually old Jimmy used a very early device, coming just a few years after the first successful mass-marketed device hit the streets in a wooden box and weighing ten pounds–the PhoneMate Answering Machine Model 400, which started to appear in 1971.

     

     

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