A Daily History of Holes, Dots, Lines, Science, History, Math, Physics, Art, the Unintentional Absurd, Architecture, Maps, Data Visualization, Blank and Missing Things, and so on. |1.6 million words, 7500 images, 4.9 million hits| Press & appearances in The Times, Le Figaro, Mensa, The Economist, The Guardian, Discovery News, Slate, Le Monde, Sci American Blogs, Le Pont, and many other places… 5000+ total posts since 2008.

Category: Aviation & flight

  • Graphical Display of Data: the R.A.F. and Luftwaffe Present Their Cases, 1938-1940

    JF Ptak Science Books LLC  Post 262

                

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    These four images represent some common, popular distribution of
    information to the general population, the sets of two working at cross
    purposes.  (I’ve written several posts here about the Nazi use of maps as a propaganda tool; if you search this blog under those terms you’ll find several entries.)  The British images  were issued just after the start of WWII
    (30 September 1939) and then again just after the end of the Battle of
    Britain (November 1, 1941), respectively.  The first (“The Tremendous
    Range of RAF Bombers Pictorially Shown”), illustrates the range
    capacity of its long range bombers for WWI and for 1939, showing how
    far they could strike into the heart of Africa.  I’m not so sure why
    Africa was chosen as the target, as nothing at all was happening there,
    militarily speaking, at this early stage of the war; why this didn’t
    show the planes screaming their way to the east is a mystery to me.   
    The Home Office was busy showing how far the Wellington bomber could
    reach (3,240 mles), as well as the long shadows cast by the Hampden,
    Sunderland and Wellesley.  The second British image, “The Speed and
    Power of Fighter Craft, Comparisons of Range”  displays aircraft of the
    principle RAF and Luftwaffe fighters and bombers. 

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    The first German image, printed as a small inset map in a general propaganda piece in the Illustrirte Zeitung (Leipzg), for November 1940, depicted the capacity of the Luftwaffe to reach, threaten and bomb any region in the British Isles from bases in Calais (France) and Norway, having secured the positions in their attacks against the two countries in Fall Gelb and Operation Weserubung respectively. Britain was effectively half-surrounded from these positions from the Brittany to the Norwegian coasts.

    The second German map (and the fourth presented here) is another interesting fiction coming from the propaganda offices in 1938, showing how Germany was threatened by attack from the air forces of its neighbors.  Particularly pungent in this portrayal was the threat from Checoslovakia, Yugoslavia and Poland.
      

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  • Dropping Boxes Filled With Soldiers: a Bad Technical Idea but a Great Strategic One, 1928

    JF Ptak Science Books, LLC Post 260

    This may not be the best idea I’ve seen–in principle this works fine for dropping tanks and other ordnance, but it seems to run against common sense when applied to delivering soldiers to a combat area.  This was of course just ten years after the end of WWI, which saw a spectacular increase in aircraft and aeronautical knowledge, and only 25 years after the Wright Brothers’ powered heavier than air flight at Kill Devil, so the lessons on paratrooping were just now being learned.  (By the way, what was the most significant militarily-based discovery in aviation between 1914-1918?  Could it have been the invention of the “barrel roll”, which instantly changed all concepts of aerial strategy?)                                                                                                    
    Blog1sept_15paratrooper553 Now what was going on in this display–appearing in the Illustrated London News on 8 September 1928–was the idea that a group of soldiers  (14 in this case) could be seated in a cushioned/springed box which would be parachuted onto a battlefield.  The idea of getting troops into a tight or difficult spot by a parachute is a very good one, a brilliant step forward really in the history of military strategy–but doing it in this fashion, by these means, was just not correct.  First of all the whole thing looks way too heavy for the aircraft to leave the ground to begin with, at least with those engines; then it looks too heavy for the chute to pull it out of the plane (and looks as though it would act as an airbrake more than anything else, as the chute seems to be gigantic, fully half the width of an already-wide aircraft. I reckon that given space for seven seated men that the cabin would have to be at least 25′ long, meaning that the parachute seems to be 10 cabin-widths in the larger image, or 250′ in diameter…in the smaller image the chute is only 4 times the length of the cabin or so, meaning it is a hundred feet across.).  The intention was for the chute to be deployed and for it to somehow lift the big box up and out of the plane, without dragging into or across the tail and etc. Then there’s the issue of landing, which, springs or shock absorbers or not, looks to be very problematical. 

    The technical part of the strategic idea just wasn’t going to work–the idea would, of course. 

    I should point out that this image was drawn by G.H. Davis, who made hundreds of images like this for the ILN over a four decade career–we’ll be seeing more of his work in the months to come.  Usually the work of Mr. Davis was spot-on, and he seemed to flourish in the “exploded view” and cut-away schematic.  This drawing was from the earliest part of his career, and I think he didn’t have much to work with–it seems an idea with a lot of leftover and abandoned Edwardian sensibilities.

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  • Odd-looking Technical Inventions: the Blohm and Voss “141” Surveillance Aircraft, 1942

    JF Ptak Science Books Post 276

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    Talk about an unusual-looking aircraft: during the Second World War the Blohm u. Voss “BV 141” may have defined that category.  This image appeared in The Illustrated London News for 23 May 1942,  drawn by the indomitable G.H. Davis, and gives an excellent view of what the editors called “a lop-sided freak”.  Perhaps the editors of the ILN wanted to educate its readers on the plane since it was supposed to be widely employed on the Russian Front, though it looks like only 38 were ever built (and none survive today). Actually, the plane, designed by Dr. Richard Vogt (1894-1979),  was a high-flying three-seater  surveillance aircraft capable of 220 mph at 17,000 feet, powered by a single 1000 hp Bramo Fafnir 9-cylinder radial engine.  The idea for the design was to give the pilot and co-pilot a very wide field of view–and by this, I’m guessing that the field of view most affected and aided by this would be straight down. The rear gunner also had an enormous field of view. 

    As it turns out Vogt survived the war and spent his Golden Years in the U.S., seven of them (1960-1966) with Boeing to evaluate hydrofoils and vertical liftoff systems:  he had built other odd planes during his career, and carried them with them into near-retirement, making this sort of design his metier.


  • Bombing Britain, 1940–a View of the Battle of Britain from Germany

    JF Ptak Science Books  (an earlier post edited and expanded)

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    It is essential to look at objects from alternative angles, especially in science, in order to determine the correctness, or fitness, of a finding, or opinion.  Even when consolidating data or evidence regarding the confirmation of an established bit,  you may very well find other strands of loose data that could help illuminate even a well established or iconic societal “given”.

    That the war was not going well for the Allies in September 1940 is an understatement—and the chief allies at this point excluded the United States, happily now recovering from the Depression, and still a full 14 months away from entering the war. 

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    What is very weird to me is that after having looked at every issue of LIFE magazine at least three times  from the start to the end of World War II, that there are more advertisements using war images than there are images of the war itself.  This actually continues into the spring of 1942, when LIFE got really busy, the war got really messy, and people started really dying.  And frankly even the coverage of Pearl Harbor in no way lived up to what I thought the coverage of a photo-magazine like LIFE would be. This is not a scientific study.  It just strikes me as odd, or propagandizing, that there should be such relatively scant, or undervalued, coverage of the fighting when sanitized images of that same fighting were being used to sell socks and shaving cream and cigarettes and such.  I understand the power of hearts-and-minds campaigns, but this seemed so amateurish, boorish even, that it just didn’t approach the level of a psychological ploy to pacify an American public that had virtually no interest in attending the European Theatre.