JF Ptak Science Books Post 1289 Continuing the post 1285
"Taking the Scarecrows out of Wisdoms Gardens"
This is Part 5/7 of John Comenius' great work, the first illustrated instructional to children, first written in 1676 and then translated into English in 1726--it is from this translation that all of the images (below) are taken. This is the second of seven installments on introducing 17th and 18th century children to wide ideas, the other sections including: Part 1, Occupations; Part 2, Anatomy; Part 3, Books and Book Arts; Part 4, the Sciences; Part 5, Morals and Philosophy; Part 6, Games and the Arts; and Part 7, the Military.
The work itself: John Amos Comenius' Orbis Senfualium Piélus: Omnium Principalium in Mundo Rerun/ &f m Vita АШопит, translated as Pictura et Nomenclatur, the Visible World, or A Nomenclature, and Pictures of all Chief Things that are int he World, translated into English by Charles Hoof...1726.
The purpose of the book, writes the translator in the introduction of the 1726 12th edition, is:
To entice witty children to it, that they may not conceit a torment to be in the school, but dainty/are., For it is apparent, that children (even from their infancy almost) are delighted with Pictures, and willingly please their eyes with these fights: And it will be very well worth the pains to have once brought it to pafs, that fcare-crows may be taken away out of Wifdom's Gardens..."
Even at this early stage of publishing books for children it was easily recognized that children learn better when eased into their subject with pictures. This is not so far off the mark with the moderns, and in its own way a precursor to the Dick and Jane and Dr. Seuss books--not so much for subject matter, but for the very act of putting a book into the hands of a child and getting them comfortable wit the idea of reading. It seems to me that this is by far the most important lesson-the actual content at tis point is secondary to the act of holding a book.
This Life is a way, or a place divided into two ways, iike
Pythagoras'/ Letter Y. i road, i. on the left-hand track; narrcw, 2. on the right; that helongs to Vice, 3. this to Virtue, 4. Mind, young Man, J. imitate Hercules; leave the lift hand чыaу, turn from Fice i the Entrance, 6. is fair, hut the End, f. it ugly andßetp down. Go on the right hand, though it he thorny, 8. no 'way is unpaffahleto virtue; follow -whither Vitha Itadeth
and doeth, fptaketh, Or thinketh nothing in vain.
She looks backwards, j. as into a Looking-glafs, 4. to things pad; and feeth before her, 5. as with a Perfpe&ive-glafs,7. things to come, or theEnd, 6. andfo fie perceiveth ivhat foe hath done, and -what remaineth to he dene.
She propofeth an Honeft, Profitable, and -withal, if it may he done, a Pleafant End to her Ail ions.
Haxing forefeen the End, fie looketh out Means, as a Way, 8. ,which leadeth to the End; hut fach as are certain and eajy, and fewer rather than more, lefl any t^ing Jhould hinder.She ivatchethOpponaahy,g. (ivhich having a buihy Forehead, 10. and heing bald-pated, il, and moreover, having wings, 12. doth quickly ßip aviay,) and catchet h it. .i„ ti jS ht goeth on her ivay ivarily, for fear fie fiould flumhle er go am¡/s
and fo moderateth all thing!,leß any thing too much ее done. ftevellersare made drunk, 4.they flumhle, 5.they fpue, 6.and hrahhle, 7.From Drunken nefs froceedeth Lafciviouinefs; from this, a lewd Life amongfl Whoremafters, 8. and Whores, 9.. in killing, touching, emhracing, and dancing, 10.
Fortitude, 1. i Fortitude, t/'/ undaunted in Adwrßty, I impavida eft in Adverlis,and a u J hold as a Lion, 2.¿e/ ns/ haughty in Profperity,leaning en her oivn Pillar, 3.c/"Conftancy; and being the fame in all things, ready to undergo both eftates иith an even mind.
She reeeiveth theßrokes e/.Misfortune •with the SHield, 4. of Sufferance: and keepeth off the Paffions, the enemies ofquietnefs, 4vith theSword, 5. a/"Valour,
Patience, 1. I Patient la, 1endvrtth Calamities г. !tokrat Cal»mitatts, 2.and Wrongs, 3. meekly like a Lamh, 4. as the fatherly chaftifement of God, 5.
In the mean while fie hattet h upon the Anchor of Hope, 6. {as a Ship, 7. tiffed hy •waves In the Sea) /he prayeth to God, 8. •weeping,and expeBeth the Sun, ГО. after cloudy weather, 9. fuffering evils, and hoping hetter things.
On the contrary, the impatient Perfon, 11. Koaileth, lamtnteth, rageth again ft himfelf, 11. grumhl»th like a Dog, 13. and yet doth no good i at the laß he defpaireth, and hecome!h his own murtherer, 14. Being full of ragt it äeßrtth to revenge wrings.
Men are made for one another's good; therefore let them he kind. Be thou/iveet ana' lovely in thy Countenance, i. gentle and civil in thy Behaviour and Manners, 2.affahle and truc-t'poken ivith thy Mouth, 3. ajfeBionate and candid in thy Heart, 4. So live, and Jo ßialt thou heloved; a r d there ivili he * »i/WFriendihip, {. as that of Turtle-doves, 6. hearty, gentle, andivijhing nuellrn hoth p arts, Frcivard Men are if auf id, t/ly, unplea/ant,
to he referred J"or the other party; Holding in her right Hand a Sword, ç. und a Bridie, ó. еo punißu und reßrain evil men;Beßdes, a pair of.Balances, 7. in the right fcale, 8. whereof, Deferís,and in the left, ci. Rewards heing put, are made even one vjith another, andfo good Men are in- cited to virtue, as it ivereivith Spurs, 10. In Bargains, 11.let Men deal candidly:let themf tand to their Covenants яWPromifes;let that which is given oneto keep,and that which is lent,he reßored:let no man he pillaged, 12.er hurt, 13.let every one have his очиn:thefe are the precepts efjußice. Such things as thefe are forhidden in God's 5th and7th Commandment,and difervedly puni/h'don the
Liberality, r. keepeth a mean abcut "Riches, •which fie honeßly fecket h, that fie may have fomeivhat to hejfaw c?:thi.i.i that want, 2.
She clothetii, 3., nourimeth, 4. and enricheth, 5. thefe •with a chearful Countenance, 6. and a winged Hand, 7.
She/ubmittethhersvealih,2. to herfelf, not herfelf to it, as the covetous man, 9. doth, •who hath, that he may have, and is not the Owner, hut the Keeper of his goods, and heing unjatiable, ahvays icrapeth together, ib. •with his Natis.
either •with Wealth, er a Trade and Science, ivhich mayjerive for getting a living; »hai he may he ahle to maintain a Family.
Then he chcofeth him/el/ a Maid that is Marriageahle, (or a Widow) •whom he loveth; neverthelrfs a greater Regard is to he had of Virtue,and Honefty, than ^/"Beauty or Portion.
Afterwards, he doth not hetroth her to himfelf clofelj, tut entreatethfor her, as a Woer, firß to the Father, i. and then the Mother, 2. er theGuardians, tr Kinsfolks, byfuch as help to make the match, 3.
When fie is effous'dto him, he hecometh /¿¿Bridegroom,,.).. end fie the Bride, 5. and the Con traft is made, aid an Instrument of Dowry, 6. is •written.
At the laß the Wedding is made, inhere they are joined together ly the Prieft, 7» gi-ving their Hands, 8. one to
another,and Wedding-rings, 9. ihm they.ftaß •with the ivitneffes that are invited. After this they are called Hulhand tWWife; ivhen fie is dtad\ he hecmeth * Widower.
In Confanguinity there touch a Man, i in Lineal Afcent, the Father {the Father-in-taw) 2. and the Mother (the Mother-in-law) 3-.; the Grand-father, 4.. ana the Grand-mother, 5. the Great Qrand-father, 6. ßW/^eGreatGrandmütliersj.. the great great Grandfather; 8. the great great Grandmother, 9. the great great Grandfather's Father, 1 o.thegreatgreatGrandmotheris Mother, grandfather's Grandfather, i2. thegreatgreatGrandmother's Grandmother, 13.4"hofe heyond thefe are called Anceftors, 14. In a Lineal defcent, the Son (the Son-in-law) 15. and the Daughter (the Daughter-in-law) 16. the Nephew, 17. und the Niece, 18. the Nephewis Son, 19. «»i•//¿eNephewsD aught еrs о. the Nephewis Nephew, 21. and the Nieceis Niece, 22. the Nephewis Nephewis Son, 23.the Niece's Nieceis Daughter, 24. the Nephewis Nephew's Nephew, 25./w-NïeçeisNieceisNiece, 26. Thife heyond thefe are called Pollerity, 27. . . 27. In a Collateral Line are the Uncle hy the Father's fide, 28. and the Aunt hy the Fatheris fide, 29. the Uncle hy the Motheris fide, 30. endúit Aunt hy the Motheris fide, 31. the Brother, 32. and the Sifter, 33. the BrotherisSon, 34. the Sifteris Son, 35, and the Coufin hy the Brother and Sifter, 36.
CXXII.
The Society betwixt Pa- Societas Parentalis.
rents and Children.
Married Perfoni, (hy the hlcjßng of God J haie Ifiue, and hecome Parents.
The Father, i. hegetteth, and the Mother, 2. heareth Sons, 3. ar.d Daughters, 4. (fometimes Twins.) The Infant, 5. is •wrapped in Svvaddling-clothei, 6. it-laid in a Cradle, 7, is fuckled by the Mother ivithher Brenfts, 8. and fedtuUth Pap, 9.-.iftcrit:rrds it learneth to go by a Standing-flo&l, io.
the Miftrefs, (the good wife of the Houfe) 3 Maidens, 4* They appoint thefe their . Work, 6. end divide them their talks, 5. 'which are faithfully to he done hy them without murmuring У lofs ; for iv h ich their Wages, and Meat and Drinkis allowed them. A Seivant 'was heretofore a Slave, euer ivhom the Maßer had Jioiver of life and death. At this day the poorer fort ferve in a free, manner, heing hired for Wages,
Set vus olim er&tMancipiumy in quem Domino poteftas fuit vit
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